The physical basics of holography are optics of waves, especially interference and diffraction. The first achievements are that of C. Huygens (1629-1694), who phrased the following principle: every point that is hit by a wave is the origin of a spherical elementary wave. Using the statement a lot of problems of diffraction can be calculated buy adding up the elementary waves. Important on the way of developing holography are also the works of
Thomas Young (1733-1829) – Invented Double slit Experiment in (1801-1805)
Albert Michelson - invents the interferometer (1881)
- A. J. Fresnel (1788-1827)
and J. Von Fraunhofer (1877-1926). Already at the beginning of the 19th century enough knowledge was at hand to understand the principles of holography. A lot of other scientists were close to the invention of the method;
1. G. Kirchhoff (1824-1887)
2. Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919)
3. E. Abbe (1840-1905)
4. G. Lippmann (1845-1921)
G. Lippmann (Nobel Prize in Physics 1908, Lippmann photography developed. Natural color photography though the interference of light).
5. W. L. Bragg (1890-1971)
6. M. Wolfke and
7. H. Boersch
But it took until 1948 when Dennis Gabor (1900-1979) realized the basic ideas of holography.
Dr. Dennis Gabor – The Father of Holography
(b. 1900, Budapest – d. 1979, London)
Dr. Dennis Gabor was born in Budapest (Hungary) on 5th June 1900. A Doctorate in electrical engineer and inventor, he received the 1971 Nobel Prize for his most notable invention HOLOGRAPHY invented in 1947. From 1949-67, he also developed a holographic microscope, a new electron-velocity spectroscope, an analogue computer which was a universal, non-linear ‘learning’ predictor, recognizer and simulator of time series, a flat, thin colour television tube; and a new type of thermionic converter.
1960 Theodore Maiman makes the first visible-light ruby laser.
Professor. Emmett Leith – The Man behind 3 D Holography
(b. March 12, 1927, Detroit-d. December 23, 2005, Canton)
In 1962, the theoretical aspects of this method were refined by Professor Emmett Leith and J. Upatnieks. They introduce the technique of diffuse illumination to demonstrate the first high-quality holograms of three-dimensional objects. “He is knows as the person who made practical holography possible”.
Professor Denisyuk
1962 Denisyuk produces the first white-light viewable hologram.1965 First paper on holographic interferometry published by Powell & Stetson.1967 DCG process developed for holography.1967 Larry Siebert of the Conductron Corporation makes the first hologram of a person.1967 World Book Encyclopedia published which includes the first mass-produced transmission hologram.
Stephen Benton (b. December 1, 1941 - d. November 9, 2003)
The Artist of Rainbow Holography
A great enthusiast, he will always be remembered for his distinct accomplishments & attributes. In 1968, while working in Polaroid Corporation he invented the White light (rainbow) transmission holography. A hologram visible to the naked eyes that uses common white light fused on film or glass. Benton’s holograms were eventually embedded into credit cards and driver’s licenses to provide protect against counterfeiting.
1970 Sandbox system developed by Pethick and Cross.1971 San Francisco School of Holography opens.1971 Dennis Gabor awarded the Nobel prize for holography.1972 “Kiss” Integral hologram developed by Lloyd Cross.
1974 Hologram embossing developed.
1976 Museum of Holography opens in New York.
1979 Dennis Gabor the father & inventor of Holography died in London.
1983 First hologram appears on a credit card from MasterCard.
1984 First hologram appeared on a book - National Geographic puts rainbow hologram of an eagle on their cover.
1985 National Geographic puts larger rainbow hologram of a skull of early man on their cover.
1988 Full cover rainbow World Hologram featured in National Geographic.
1988 Photopolymer film developed by Polaroid. Allows very bright reflection holograms to be mass produced.
1992 Museum of
Holography in
New York closes.
1993 MIT acquires complete collection of the Museum of Holography.
1993 International Hologram Manufacturers Association (IHMA) comes in existence.
1998 Hologram Manufacturers Association of India (HoMAI) was established in
India.
1999 Geola patents printers for color digital hologram printing with pulsed lasers.2000 First digital color hologram produced by Geola with a pulsed RGB laser.
2003 Stephen Benton, the artist of rainbow holography dies.
2005 Emmett Leith, Inventor of 3 dimensional holography died.
2005 The first color portrait hologram shot at Geola with HoloCam equipment and printed with a digital RGB printer.
2006 Yuri Denysiuk died.
2007 Geola’s digital holograms named Synfograms - Synergetic Forms Writings.
Tech Virtual Keyboard is a Bluetooth-enabled device that can be connected to almost any computing system (laptops, PCs, PDAs, Pocket PCs or smartphones, the only requirement being that they must be Bluetooth-enabled), and which projects, via infrared, a holographic keyboard on any flat opaque surface. By means of a special detection technology, the device records the keys “pressed” by the user’s fingers (more precisely, the presence of the fingers in the area onto which a certain key has been projected) and sends the data towards the unit it’s connected to.
